Research on Sharia law Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

On Sharia law - Research Paper Example , the starting points of Sharia laws get from a mix of laws, similar to Roman laws, substance of the Holy Koran (qiyas), lessons of Prophet Mohammed and present day digestions of old legitimate translations and treatises (ijmas). Nonetheless, an intriguing part of Shari has been that in their nations of acknowledgment and confidence, various understandings exist for these laws. Pioneers, conventionalists and fundamentalists all hold various perspectives on Sharia, as do followers to various schools of Islamic idea and grant. Various nations and societies have differing translations of Sharia too. Along these lines, Sharia rehearses in African nations might be very not quite the same as those in Arab nations. Then again, Muslim populace in India may have distinctive social and sociological understanding of Sharia than what is being done in Indonesia, or Yemen, so far as that is concerned. Hence, what is significant is the sociological foundation of these laws with regards to separate nations where these laws are followed. Additionally, it is likewise observed that Islam has two sub orders †Sunnis and Shias. It is currently important to think about the contrasts among Sunni and Shia Muslims, which basically finds the distinction in religion however governmental issues. This is essentially on the grounds that it concerns initiative issues resulting to the prophet’s time and what prompted division of Muslim organization not long after the demise Mohammed. At the point when the inquiry emerged with respect to who might acquire the mantle of the Prophet, of one faction accepted that authority ought to be taken over by one of his commendable devotees. Be that as it may, Shias accepted that initiative should move to the individual from his own kith or kinfolk, similar to his child in-law, or nephew. Along these lines, significant contrasts emerged among Sunnis and Shias, with the end goal that the last couldn't ever get used to the way that Ali’s relatives were not given due initiative in the Muslim request after the lifetime of Prophet. In this way, they would not acknowledge the authority of Sunni

Literature Narrative Free Essays

Hemingway’s pioneer style of narrating requires an unoriginal storyteller. The storyteller depicts the scene, and interposes little activities into the discourse, however stays a facilitator for the peruser to focus on the exchange and the activity of the story. The storyteller in this story appears to recount to the story as though it were a video cut, an anonymous railroad station somewhere close to Barcelona and Madrid, spooky white slopes, an unremarkable server and a mysterious couple. We will compose a custom article test on Writing Narrative or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The utilization of this storyteller makes the peruser look a lot further into the discourse of the couple, in light of the fact that without the storyteller explaining the activity for the peruser, one is compelled to decipher considerably more from the character’s words. This innovator gadget will in general separate the peruser immediately from the content, with the goal that the full effect of the story isn't genuinely felt until one is done perusing. In any case, this gadget serves to cause the story to associate on a more profound level, and to have more effect as it hits one out of nowhere, rather than being incorporated with a moderate peak. From nearly the start of his composing profession, Hemingway utilized a particular style which drew remark from numerous pundits. Hemingway doesn't offer approach to extensive land and mental portrayal. His style has been said to need substance since he maintains a strategic distance from direct proclamations and depictions of feeling. Fundamentally his style is straightforward, direct and to some degree plain. He built up a strong exposition style portrayed by straightforward sentences and scarcely any verb modifiers or descriptive words. He composed succinct, striking discourse and definite portrayal of spots and things. Pundit Harry Levin brought up the shortcoming of punctuation and phrasing in Hemingway’s composing, yet rushed to applaud his capacity to pass on activity most of his initial books were described in the main individual and encased inside a solitary perspective, in any case, when Hemingway composed For Whom the Bell Tolls, he utilized a few diverse account procedures. He utilized the utilization of inner monologs (where the peruser is in the â€Å"mind† of a specific character), target depictions, fast moves of perspective, and all in all a looser structure than in his previous works. Hemingway accepted that â€Å"a writer’s style ought to be immediate and individual, his symbolism rich and hearty, and his words basic and vivacious. The best journalists have the endowment of curtness, are diligent employees, tireless researchers and equipped beauticians To clarify Hemingway’s style in a couple of passages in such a way as to fulfill the individuals who have perused his articles and books is practically unthinkable. It is a straightforward style, straight forward and humble. Hemingway’s writing is unadorned because of his swearing off utilizing descriptive words however much as could reasonably be expected. He relates a story as straight reporting, but since he is an ace of transmitting feeling with out embelli Step by step instructions to refer to Literature Narrative, Essays

Flavor of Love

Flavor of Love DID YOU KNOW? If I had been born a girl, my father would have wanted to name my Marya (MAR-ee-uh). Marya Maurer. As it was, Sams Mom wanted to name me Ishmael, but somebody managed to talk her out of that one. You know, Ben Jones, theres no category for FREE FOOD! in this vast blog entry classification system that you have devised. Honestly, I think that its such an important part of MIT undergrad culture that the site is really incomplete without one. We even have a [emailprotected] e-mail list, which is really cool (although half of the messages are like, LOTS OF KETCHUP PACKETS, 33-541!) Im going to be getting free food five times this lovely Thursday afternoon, so I thought I could not only tantalize you with tales of my free food, but also tell you about the fine student organizations that have given me these incomparable dining opportunities. Career Fair If Im being honest, not a lot of undergrads seem to be really successful at finding careers hereits more about making contacts, finding channels through which you can apply, and exploring the wealth of options available to you as an MIT graduate. Most of the people Course X end up finding careers through monstertrak or one of the myriad interviews and information sessions set up on campus. But undergrads dont have trouble plundering the treasure trove of free stuff that all the companies give out. Basically, all you have to do is go up while the representatives are talking, and FREE COOKIES/TOYS/T-SHIRTS/LIGHT-UP PENS!! I recommend hitting up Shell first, because they give you a bag full of free stuff, in which you can carry all your other free stuff. In a related note, Xanga was at the MIT career fair. Creepy. Student Center Reading Room rededication or something like that I was actually headed back to lab after the career fair, but I saw a poster in Lobby 7 that said something like FREE FOOD! TODAY! 4 PM! Since it was 3:55 and I am easily influenced by casual suggestions, I shimmied back over across the street and up 5 flights of stairs to the top floor of the student center, where Tim the Beaver was presiding over a platter of delicious chicken wings and an assortment of pastries. There was a sign there urging me to give blood, and to be honest I would have done that too if I didnt have somewhere to be in 45 minutes. I looked inside the new reading room and, you know, it really s a lot nicer than it used to be. I had actually only been there twice before, just because Im never on the 5th floor of the student center, and both times involved me being kicked out for loudness by angry grad students. But that wont be a problem now with the community study spaces! Well done, MIT! Now just renovate the Infinite Lounge and well be all set! MISTI Germany program orientation I was there with Ling 07 to give a presentation on all the opportunities that a MISTI internship will open up, which all of my blog readers have no doubt heard about to no end, and also to grab some free pizza. We got a little carried away on making our presentation and ended up with like 107 pictures, although we only managed to get up to around 38 before program coordinator Dr. Berka nimbly cut us off. But they were 38 good pictures. And even though they got generic pizza this year rather than Beautys, I still have to say: MISTI rocks. Concert Choir social event Basically this means that the sopranos bring in cookies and you walk around awkwardly introducing yourself to people. For some reason Ive never felt the urge to be terribly social with people in choir other than my fellow tenors and my best friend Genevieve, and that was only because she sat with the tenors all the time instead of the 50 googol altos. But, heyfree soprano cookies. Conner 2 Study Break (no link because weve been a little lax in updating our web page for the past 3 years) Are you on the MIT campus Thursdays at 10:30? Then quit your studying and come on over to Conner 2 for $15 worth of free food split 20 ways! Most halls I know seem to host some kind of weekly communal feeding event sponsored by dorm funding, and were no exception. We even rotate duty between our incomparable GRTs Chris and Summer and the individual suites on our floor. This week it was their turn to make fruit pizzas, and then next week my suite has got chili. But I really have to do a pset now, so check back later tonight. Or tomorrow. Or something. Wow, according to Movable Type it took me 3 days and 23 hours to finish this entry. Sorry, dudes.

Associate of Science in Criminal Justice Connecticut Students Discover Flexible Options 2019

Professionals in law enforcement and corrections are heading back to school in Connecticut. Through University of Phoenix, students are maintaining work and personal responsibilities while earning an associate of science in criminal justice. Connecticut students have access to both campus-based and online criminal justice programs. Working professionals are now able to pursue a degree in as little as 12 months or even on a part-time schedule. Associate of Science in Criminal Justice Connecticut Students Value Campus-based Learning Although online classes are a large part of the Associate of Science in Criminal Justice Connecticut program, students have the opportunity to attend campus-based classes at the Fairfield County Campus in Norwalk. Experienced professors encourage classroom interaction and hands-on learning. New classes are available every month and take place at convenient times. Discover Opportunities for Advancement through the Associate of Science in Criminal Justice Connecticut Program In addition to the Associate of Science in Criminal Justice Connecticut program, University of Phoenix offers advanced degrees in criminal justice. With more education, criminal justice professionals qualify for more challenging positions and higher earnings in the field of criminal justice. Programs now available through the Fairfield County Campus include: Associate of Arts in Criminal Justice. Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice. Master of Science/Administration of Justice and Security. .u1d91a4b2c845191b6792f5b199018094 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u1d91a4b2c845191b6792f5b199018094:active, .u1d91a4b2c845191b6792f5b199018094:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u1d91a4b2c845191b6792f5b199018094 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u1d91a4b2c845191b6792f5b199018094 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u1d91a4b2c845191b6792f5b199018094 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u1d91a4b2c845191b6792f5b199018094:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Earning an Education in Business AccountingTo request more information about the Associate of Science in Criminal Justice Connecticut program, prospective students are encouraged to fill out the University of Phoenix information request form. Enrollment takes place continually at any time of the year! Dont live near the Fairfield County Campus? Find more Associate of Science in Criminal Justice Connecticut programs through College-Pages.com, the leading education and career resource website. Related ArticlesOnline Criminal Justice Program Practice Law Enforcement for the Courts as a BailiffCriminal Justice Associate Degree Virginia Campuses Compliment Online Learning at the University of PhoenixCriminal Justice Associate Degree Jobs 7 Exciting Career Opportunities from Court Services to Detective JobsAssociate Criminal Justice Degree Checklist 7 Things to Consider Before EnrollingUniversity of Phoenix Nursing School How to Combine the Best of Online and Campus-based LearningFind Online Law and Social Science Degree Programs

Essay on Positive and Negative Effects of Technology in...

To Plug in or Not to Plug in Do personal technologies like phones, iPods, and computers connect or disconnect us? The opinions vary from person to person and generation to generation. Two opinions that we’ll look at specifically are from Andrew Sullivan, a blogger and columnist for the Sunday Times of London, and Anna Akbari, a professor at New York University. When looked at briefly, Sullivan and Akbari’s views seem to be like the opposite sides of the same coin. Sullivan argues from a more personal standpoint that personal technology shuts us out from the world. Akbari, on the other hand, sees technology and our personal devices as a way to open the world up to us and provides facts and results from professional studies that†¦show more content†¦What Sullivan repeatedly revolves around is this whole idea of technology creating our own world, that of which we have complete control. This ability to control our own world becomes narcissistic and eliminates the serendipity of life, or the happy accidents that you could run into. With having control of your own world through technology, everything is specifically tailored to you. The music you listen to is completely to your likes, the things you read all agree with your personal views thus creating less challenging and thought provoking experiences, and the people you ‘meet’ aren’t by chance, but chosen by a friend request or because you decide to take out the ear buds and talk. The happy chances of hearing something new, learning something new, and meeting someone completely different from you, according to Sullivan, are drastically affected by our technology. We end up living in this virtual reality instead of the real world and we deprive ourselves of the actual experience of really living and being human. By contrast, Akbari says, â€Å"We are on a connection journey that happens through the symbiotic relationship of in-person encounters and electronically mediated interactions.† And so I believe it safe to say that this concept of technology creating aShow MoreRelatedTechnology On Our Generation s Future1239 Words   |  5 Pages Technology on our Generation’s Future Technology is machinery created by scientific knowledge that serves an active role in our industries (Computerhope). Around the world technology has become one of the most popular forms of communication (Computerhope). Starting with regular rotary phones and advancing into Instagram, twitter and facetime. Technology dating back to 1943 when the first computer was created by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, and still has a major impact on our lives whileRead MoreTechnology s Impact On Society1507 Words   |  7 Pagesalia Monsanto ENC1101-Swirsky Argumentative/Persuasive Essay Technology’s Impact on Society 21ST century technology has indubitably made life more convenient for us. This can be looked at in a positive or in a negative way. Technology has essentially taken over the world. Replacing almost everything in our homes, schools and communities. Modern Technology has brought tons of negative effects on society including depression, lack of social skills, obesity, poor sleep habits, stress, constant distractionsRead MoreConsumerism Has Changed Our Society1342 Words   |  6 PagesConsumerism over centuries has shaped our society into the world we live in today. Throughout our history, the American dream has been to become the most successful person you can possibly become given the opportunities presented to you. Consumerism has provided our country with a lot of jobs and efficient sources of income for the general population. Consumerism gives our country an upside unlike many other countries in that you could grow up in a hardworking blue collar family and become the mostRead Mor eThe Impact Of Technology On The Modern World1547 Words   |  7 PagesImpact Of Technology In the Modern World Throughout the life, some influences have shaped people the way they live their lives today. Impact of a virtual connection, and go beyond the brain’s ability, is rising in an eyesight bling, which is a cause of socialization— brain’s ability to multitask and their consequences itself. The usage of the internet is creating conflict upon individuals that they have become modern in today’s world. In the essay â€Å"The Limit Of Friendship† by Maria Konnikova, whoRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesinnovations are coming along each and everyday. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry (Oxford). There is no denying that the impact of technology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be w ith out it, older people may say it has ruined the lives of youth. In my opinion it has made us smarterRead MorePositive Impact Of Technology871 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology is always advancing, and people use it almost everywhere. Its used in jobs, homes, and everyday life. Recently technology also has made an immense impact on the way people learn. Many people have different opinions on how to use technology, and if it is a good tool for information. Some believe the use of the internet can help with creativity, and comprehensive. Other believe that through using internet imagination is lessened, and that it leaves students not understanding what was readRead MoreModern Technology And Its Effect On Society1439 Words   |  6 PagesModern Technology Modern technology is machinery that makes people’s lives easier and convenient. In today’s fast paced society modern technology plays the most important role in society. Technology surrounds almost everywhere and everyone in modern society. We can say this time as the technological age because of the today’s dependence on technology. Technological products are available everywhere and everyone is using it. We are living in the 21st century, time of science and modern technology andRead MoreTechnology Has A Good Or Bad Effect On Learning Today?1136 Words   |  5 PagesDo you think that technology has a good or bad effect on learning today? The authors Clive Thompson, David Gelernter, Emily Yoffe, Nicholas A. Christakis, and James H. Fowler; all have different views on how technology s effects on today’s generation. Clive Thompson thinks technology helps students a lot in this day and age. David Gelernter thinks Computers cannot teach and should not be use d for teaching roles. Emily Yoffe Thinks that technology has a major effect on our mind, and school. NicholasRead MoreThe Effects Of Cellphones On Our Daily Lives Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagestechnological advances and continual rise in interest, large amounts of research have been done on the overall impact that technology has had. We have previously stated that the goal of our study is to determine the overall effects that cellphones play on face-to-face interactions with one another on a daily basis. It is important to grasp the research being done on technology as a whole. There are currently mass amounts of research on the impact that cellphones have, but it seems that there isRead MoreImplications For The Future Paper1627 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide two strategies for promoting positive environmental behavior, how positive and negative consequences can increase pro-environmental behavior, describe one positive and one negative example how technology advances have impac ted our environment, and talk about the influence of the environmental policies. Two Strategies for Promoting Positive Environmental Behavior One strategy that would help to promote a positive environmental behavior would be Positive Cueing. Cues are elements in the environment

Differences Between Gaap Ifrs in Accounting Free Essays

Income Tax Memorandum 10/18/2012 Over the past few years, there has been a push to adopt a single international accounting standard in order to simplify commerce in the global economy we live in today. However, this is more easily said than done because of some very notable differences between U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Differences Between Gaap Ifrs in Accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now GAAP and IFRS standards. One of the most significant differences between GAAP and IFRS arises when accounting for income taxes. The first issue that arises when accounting for income taxes is determining the tax basis of an asset or liability. Under IFRS standards, tax basis is based on the expected manner of recovery. These standards define the tax base of an asset as the amount that will be deductible for tax purposes against any taxable economic benefits that will be received in the future. Similarly, the tax base of a liability is defined as its carrying amount, less any amount that will be deductible for tax purposes in the future. Under U. S. GAAP standards, tax basis is a question of fact under the tax law, which means the tax basis of an asset or liability is the amount used for tax purposes. For example, in the case of an asset, tax basis includes the amounts that are deductible for deprecation, as well as any amounts that would be deductible upon sale or liquidation of the asset under tax law. Another key difference between IFRS and GAAP is how income tax expense (benefit) is allocated to financial statement components. IFRS allows for a full â€Å"backwards tracing† approach to be used. In this approach, income tax expense is recognized in the income statement regardless of the period in which the tax expense or benefit is recognized. Under GAAP standards, â€Å"backwards tracing† is prohibited, and income tax is allocated to the financial statement category where the pre-tax item was recorded. A further difference between IFRS and GAAP arises when dealing with Deferred Tax Assets (DTA’s) and Deferred Tax Liabilities (DTL’s). The first difference between the two standards is how DTA’s and DTL’s are classified. Under IFRS, DTA’s and DTL’s are always classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. GAAP requires that DTA’s and DTL’s be classified as either current or noncurrent, based on the classification of the asset or liability generating the temporary difference. IFRS and GAAP also differ on how a Deferred Tax Asset is recognized. IFRS uses the Net Approach, where assets are not recognized unless it is probable (greater than 50%) that they will be realized. Whereas GAAP calls for the Gross Approach, in which the full DTA is recorded and then reduced by a valuation allowance if it is not likely to be realized. One of the last key differences between IFRS and GAAP in accounting for income taxes is each standard’s guidance for uncertain tax positions. Under IFRS, there is no specific guidance given, and a company can record the liability as either a single best estimate, or a weighted-average probability of the possible outcomes. GAAP however, gives clear guidance on how to account for uncertain tax positions. Under these standards, if an uncertain tax position meets the â€Å"more likely than not† recognition threshold, the benefit is measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized. In summary, the differences between IFRS and GAAP accounting standards are vast, and each difference has a real effect on a company’s financial statements. IFRS tends to have less strict guidelines, and each individual company is allowed to use their own judgment on certain matters. GAAP takes a stricter approach, and most accounting issues have set guidelines and standards that a company must adhere to. How to cite Differences Between Gaap Ifrs in Accounting, Essay examples

Fundamentals of International Business

Question: Discuss about theFundamentals of International Business. Answer: Introduction All the commercial business deals that take place between more than two countries beyond their political boundaries are comprised by international business. International business deals are mostly undertaken by the private companies to earn profit. On the other hand, governments commence them to earn profit as well as for political causes. The studies of the multinational companies are often defined as international business. The report mainly deals with PaintCo Brasileira Ltda. The company had developed into a promising world player in the extremely competitive paint business (Dunning 2012). The company has also become more and more apparent to management that the future global development of the company would have taken place in the promising markets of developing economies. PaintCo had also chosen Brazil as its first country to expand in South America for imperative strategic causes. PaintCo had modernized its manufacturing and supply process across the border with the help of free trade between Canada and the United States. In order to deal with key customers, the company found it essential to maintain a Canadian development (Wild, Wild and Han 2014). Risk There are several medical hazards that are associated with Paint Company. With major customers extended worldwide, the company developed in other countries. It was bound to look for development outside the United States as well as Europe. As a result, the potential profitable growth diminished for the company as there were various other foreign companies that entered the paint market. Hence, PaintCo Brasileira Ltda had to provide its international customers the same level of service that is provided to its local customers in order to survive in the global market. However, these technical risks were not new for the company. Occasional wildcat strikes by US East Coast is likely to pose risk for the company. Even though Brazil and South America will help the company to expand in the global market, PaintCo is likely to face a tough competition in other paint markets (Oiwa 2016). Brazil also lacked clear legal protection for trade secrets, although a illegal statue against unfair trade practices can. This might also lead to risk for the company. On the other hand, limited investment laws as well as lack of managerial transparency and subjective application related to laws restricts the US service exports to Brazil. Another most serious risk that is likely to be faced by the company is potential expose to chemicals that are mainly present in the paint products. This might in turn will lead to enlarged risk of quite a few kinds of cancer that includes both lung and pancreas cancer. PaintCo is likely to get affected by both internal and external factors in diverse environment (Du Plessis 2012). The board of directors of PaintCo that mainly comprises of the business enterprise capitalists is not likely to approve any large investments with uncertain prospects that is also likely to pose threat or risk to the company. This will also accept some risk for well-justified policies. It is also analyzed that the Brazilian distributors are likely to oppose larger volumes unless accompanied by augmented discounts to recompense for the extra costs attributable to higher volume imports. As a result, financing additional space as well as equipments will require a long-term contract with PaintCo. Opportunities There are various opportunities that are associated with PaintCo Brasileira Ltda that is mainly due to the fragmented market that will help the company to expand and augment its market share. As PaintCo chose Brazil as its first country to expand, it is likely that the company will expand, as Brazil is the largest country in Latin America. As a result, the country will offer the greatest customer market potential. Brazil is also considered as the most developed country in the region that is known to produce a broad range of manufactured commodities as well as chemicals and automobiles. As a result, this wide range of manufacturing and customer manufacturers symbolizes a large paint and coatings market. This in turn will provide PaintCo large opportunity to expand in the global markets (Johnson and Zinkhan 2015). As Brazil is also considered as an imperative producer of chemicals and minerals, it became the supplier of various crucial and intermediate resources for the paint industry. In the year 1990, there were restraints on the availability of import licenses that were mainly used to control as well as restrict imports. This in turn served as a major barrier to imports from the United States. However, at present the company will find a broad range of opportunities as the import licenses are used mainly for statistical purposes. The large number of open market will represent an opportunity for effective global producers, both in terms of exports in Brazil as well as direct investment into the country. The company will be able to gain more profit by making more investment in the country as Brazil had removed 60 percent preservation tax that was applicable to foreign allowances of profits as well as dividends. The Central also provided the company an opportunity to expand in the country as it initiated regulation that allowed overseas enterprises to register reinvested profits as foreign capital at the rate of exchange (Alkaya and Demirer 2014). The up-and-coming free trade area in the southern cone of South America is also likely to provide several opportunities to PaintCo. This is mainly because they are likely to offer more than 200 million customers to the paint company. All the opportunities are driving the customers of PaintCo such as automobiles as well as electrical device manufacturers to expand into Brazil. There are also prelude forecast for PaintCo sales in Brazil as well as other markets in South America. As far as investment is concerned, the alternative to institute a completely owned manufacturing subsidiary in Brazil will lead to expansion opportunity for the company. It can be concluded that the building of a local plant will capture the share of domestic purchasers. A new subsidiary will mainly emphasize the combination of global brand name of PaintCo as well as the domestic responsiveness (Ortlieb and Sieben 2014). Pestle Analysis According to Team (2013), Pestle analysis is a vital business tool that is used to analyse the macro factors prevailing in the environment of an organization. It is quite useful in accessing valuable information regarding the factors that affect the surrounding of an organization, as based on these factors, an efficient strategic plan can be created. These strategic business plans would help the organization to successfully overcome their hurdles and reach strive for their objectives. In this report, we are analysing the case study of a paint industry ,Paint Co Brasilia Ltda. With its aim of expanding their business worldwide, Paint Co Brasilia ltda has planned to spread its business at first to Brazil in South America. In order to understand the stability of the company in such a country, it is important to analyse the current micro factors that prevail in the country (Atighechian et al. 2016). Political Brazil is one of the most industrialized economy of south America, that produces a wide range of products. The country has a vibrant democratic environment. Earlier, it there was a restriction on the amount of imports that was done in the country. Nowadays , the import licenses are used as statistical records. Hence, they create an open market which provides an opportunity for the international producers, to import their products in Brazil. With a reduction in the with-holding tax by 60%, a flat rate of just 15% tax were to be paid by the foreign companies in order to sell their goods. Legal an emerging free trade area in the southern cone of South America, MERCOSUR, offers a market of about 200 million people that provides both problems and opportunities for the exporters. They provide an incentive to these foreign companies for direct investment , either being in joint ventures or wholly owned subsidiaries (Gillam and Siriwardena 2013). A good banking system exist in the economy and there is healthy market for initial public offerings. Few equity players are also active in the country locally. Economic the GDP rate of Brazil is quite promising for any foreign country, planning to extend its business in the country. With the scope of many foreign investments that could be done in the country, the country would show their own potential growth with the inclusion of foreign companies in their country. Financial processes allow the companies to stay in business rather than going out of business. Bankruptcy processes exist but are inefficient. Socio-Cultural Environments the socio cultural environment for the workers in Brazil is equivalent in various aspects to that in Europe. A good system of highways, roadways and railways exists in the economy (Seyedhosseini et al. 2015). The consumers of the country are accustomed to both local and international brands. Though compensation for the sales personnel and managerial were less than that of the Europe compensations paid, the employee benefits are equivalent. The location facilities offered by the country is one of the most important factor that is suited according to the needs of the Paint Co Brasilia Ltda. Export Sector Brazil is considered as the ninth largest economy is the world depending upon their GDP rate. The purchasing power of the people in the country is quite high, which keeps the country in the seventh position. Brazil has various industries that manufacture goods to be sold globally. They have high competitiveness value among the other countries of the world. It is into various associations with other fast growing economies of the world. With a greater political stability and improvement in the economic conditions, the countrys growth scales are being positively affected. Minerals, agricultural products and other primary products constitute of more than fifty percent of the produce in Brazil. Brazil is considered as one of the leading producers of soy, sugar, meat, coffee, tobacco and orange juice. Their exports has quadrupled in the early years (Kolios and Read 2013). The growth in the countrys exports has raised its financial status and helped the nation in order to survive the global crisis. As the economys growth is related to the exports made by the country, hence the revenue earned from the exports could be quite unpredictable in nature (Brambilla, Lederman and Porto 2012). When the prices are high, the export revenues generated are quite high, thereby raising the standard of the country. Whereas, when the prices are low, there is a sharp fall in the economic conditions of the country. Hence, there is quite less amount of economic stability. Brazil has been able to provide only primary goods for export, whereas, the revenues generated from these primary goods export are not stable in nature. Hence, in order to sustain the revenue of the country from the exports, Brazil must start implementing various technologies that would help in producing high tech exports, that are vital for sustainable and equitable development of the country. Brazil is facing strict competition from the fast developing countries like china, in comparison to the exports to be generated by the country. Brazil welcomes the companies that are planning to set up industries in their countries. This would strengthen the structure of the country, thereby promoting stability in growth of the economy (Canuto, Cavallari and Reis 2013). FDI Entry A government plan has been generated in Brazil, which aims at opening mining, petroleum and telecommunication industries to be aided by foreign developments. The country has proposed the plan to raise the foreign direct investment in the country by sweeping constitutional reforms in order to attract the investments towards the country (Merlevede, Schoors and Spatareanu 2014). Though the proposal has threatened various other reforms, yet this proposal has been very well received by the officials who represent the country. The government has initiated a package that includes investments for the undercapitalized state of oil monopoly. The proposal would promote both the field of oil drillers to get into risky contracts, whereas, other proposal would permit new joint ventures to eliminate the state of monopoly in the society. Various such proposals are designed in order to raise the productivity if the economy that is importing more than half of its daily requirements. There is a lack in production of the basic needs due to the lack in the amount of investments needed. Most of the projects that were generated within the country have been half way through the process, due to the incapability of accumulating the required capital. Hence, the country is generating such packages, where state monopoly could be eliminated, foreign capital could be drawn towards the country, and promoting methods that would help in sustaining various state owned companies from going bankrupt (Lee, Biglaiser and Staats 2014). With inflation prevailing in the country, there is a strong currency which has made the exports costlier and imports cheaper for the country, thereby , deteriorating the trade balance. The government is expected to shift the programs emphasis, making higher interest rates , and helping to process anti inflation techniques for the countrys well being. In order to invite the beneficial deal of Paint Co Brasilia Ltda, Grossman has invited a deal with the company, where they are ready to give a51 % majority share to the company, as a sixth member of their 5 member team called Grossquimica (Conconi, Sapir and Zanardi 2016). The company would attain a capital of US$ 16.8 million from Paint Co Brasilia Ltda in return of 51 % shares. Another agreement that was proposed by Brazil, to Paint Co Brasilia Ltda was that, PaintCo would issue license for all its products , and grossquimica would produce paints to serve the Brazilian economy and the rest of south American continent. Conclusion International business deals are mostly undertaken by the private companies to earn profit. On the other hand, governments commence them to earn profit as well as for political causes. The studies of the multinational companies are often defined as international business. The report mainly deals with PaintCo Brasileira Ltda. The company had developed into a promising world player in the extremely competitive paint business . PaintCo had also chosen Brazil as its first country to expand in South America for imperative strategic causes. PaintCo had modernized its manufacturing and supply process across the border with the help of free trade between Canada and the United States. Reference Alkaya, E. and Demirer, G.N., 2014. Improving resource efficiency in surface coating/painting industry: practical experiences from a small-sized enterprise. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 16(8), pp.1565-1575. Atighechian, G., Maleki, M., Aryankhesal, A. and Jahangiri, K., 2016. Are Macro and Micro Environment Affecting Management of Fresh Water Resources? A Case from Iran with PESTLE Analysis.Materia Socio-Medica,28(4), p.307. Brambilla, I., Lederman, D. and Porto, G., 2012. Exports, export destinations, and skills.The American Economic Review,102(7), pp.3406-3438. Canuto, O., Cavallari, M. and Reis, J.G., 2013. Brazilian exports: climbing down a competitiveness cliff.World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (6302). Conconi, P., Sapir, A. and Zanardi, M., 2016. The internationalization process of firms: from exports to FDI.Journal of International Economics,99, pp.16-30. Du Plessis, L.I.Z.E., 2012. A trade-off study on outsource or in-house painting process. Dunning, J.H., 2012. International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (RLE International Business). Routledge. Gillam, S. and Siriwardena, A.N., 2013. Leadership and management for quality.Quality in primary care,21(4), pp.253-259. Johnson, M. and Zinkhan, G.M., 2015. Defining and measuring company image. In Proceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 346-350). Springer International Publishing. Kolios, A. and Read, G., 2013. A political, economic, social, technology, legal and environmental (PESTLE) approach for risk identification of the tidal industry in the United Kingdom.Energies,6(10), pp.5023-5045. Lee, H., Biglaiser, G. and Staats, J.L., 2014. The effects of political risk on different entry modes of foreign direct investment.International Interactions,40(5), pp.683-710. Merlevede, B., Schoors, K. and Spatareanu, M., 2014. FDI spillovers and time since foreign entry.World Development,56, pp.108-126. Oiwa, O., 2016. Painting in the Age of Globalization. Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas, 2(1-2), pp.122-124. Ortlieb, R. and Sieben, B., 2014. The making of inclusion as structuration: empirical evidence of a multinational company. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 33(3), pp.235-248. Seyedhosseini, S.M., Cyrus, K.M., Fahimi, K. and Badkoobehi, H., 2015. A new methodology to construct organization's strategies based on supply chain concept.International Journal of Engineering Science (2008-4870),26(2). Team, F.M.E., 2013. PESTLE Analysis.Strategy Skills. Wild, J., Wild, K.L. and Han, J.C., 2014. International business. Pearson Education Limited.

The Construction Quality Assessment System Construction Essay Example For Students

The Construction Quality Assessment System Construction Essay CONQUAS stands for Construction Quality Assessment System. Construction Industry Development Board Singapore now known as the Building and Construction Authority have developed it for the major public sector bureaus and the assorted taking industry professional organic structures to mensurate the quality degree of completed undertaking ( The National House Buyers Association ( HBA ) , 2009 ) . The Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) is an bureau under the Singapore s Ministry of National Development. The BCA is defending the development of an first-class built environment for Singapore. Built environment refers to edifices, constructions and substructure in our milieus that provide the scene for the community s activities. ( Building and Construction Authority, 2006 ) We will write a custom essay on The Construction Quality Assessment System Construction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At the beginning, the CONQUAS was introduced merely to the local building industry. CONQUAS have been launched since 1989 ( Building and Construction Authority, 2006 ) . Today, CONQUAS is widely recognized and besides accepted internationally as a benchmarking tool for quality. CONQUAS is now a registered hallmark. CONQUAS have adapted in Singapore, Malaysia, China, Hong Kong, United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa and India, UK and Hong Kong building industries ( Building and Construction Authority, 2006 ) . The purpose of CONQUAS was introduced to hold a standard quality appraisal system for building undertakings. Furthermore, CONQUAS is to enable quality appraisal to be carried out consistently within sensible cost and clip. Besides, CONQUAS is used to mensurate quality of constructed plants against craft criterions and specification ( Building and Construction Industry, 2005 ) . However, CONQUAS is an independent appraisal. It is carried out by assessors from BCA Singapore. It was designed to estimate and benchmark the quality of craft through the sampling attack. On the other manus, it means non every unit will be inspected or evaluated by the assessor. Random samples will be pre-selected and inspected to stand for the quality of the whole undertaking ( The National House Buyers Association ( HBA ) , 2009 ) . Since the launch of CONQUAS in 1989, more than 2,238 public and private edifice undertakings have been assessed by BCA. The entire cumulative contract value of the assessed undertakings exceeds 81.9billion Singapore dollar ( Building and Construction Authority, 2006 ) . In 1998, BCA introduced a figure of new characteristics to CONQUAS ensuing in the launch of CONQUAS 21 ( Building and Construction Authority, 2006 ) . Now, Malaysia is using CONQUAS 21 into the edifice undertakings. Outline1 Problem Statement2 Aims A ; Aims3 Purposes4 Aims5 Scope of survey6 Research Methodologies7 Literature Research8 Interview9 Case Study10 Chapter Outline11 Chapter 1: Introduction12 Chapter 2: Literature Reappraisal13 Chapter 3: Planing the instance survey and research methodological analysis14 Chapter 4: Analysis of the secondary informations15 Chapter 5: Decision and farther surveies16 Plan and Agenda17 Planned Agenda18 2009/201019 2010/201120 Second Semester21 First Semester22 Second Semester23 Nov24 Dec25 May26 June27 July28 Aug29 Sep30 Oct31 Nov32 Dec33 Actual Agenda34 2009/201035 2010/201136 Second Semester37 First Semester38 Second Semester39 Nov40 Dec41 May42 June43 July44 Aug45 Sep46 Oct47 Nov48 Dec49 Chapter 250 Literature Review51 2.1 Quality Philosophy52 Definition of Quality53 Basic Concept of Quality54 Q=P/E55 Table 1: Nine dimensions of quality and their footings56 Dimension57 Footings58 Adapted from Garvin, 1988, Pull offing Quality: The strategic and Competit ive Edge, New York: Free Press.59 2.1.3 Quality Management60 Figure 1: The four phases of quality direction61 Adapted from Dale, Boaden and Lescelles 1994: Degrees of entire quality direction acceptance62 Figure 2: The four phases of quality direction63 Quality Assurance64 Entire Quality Management65 Quality Control66 Inspection67 Adapted from Steven McCabe 1988: Quality Improvement Techniques in Construction68 Concept and Principles of CONQUAS 2169 2.2.1 Introduction70 2.2.2 Aims of CONQUAS 2171 Scope of CONQUAS 2172 Components to be assessed73 The Weightages74 Table 2: The Weightages in CONQUAS 2175 Components76 Structural Plants77 30 %78 35 %79 45 %80 40 %81 Architectural Works82 50 %83 55 %84 50 %85 55 %86 M A ; E Works87 20 %88 10 %89 5 %90 5 %91 CONQUAS Mark92 100 %93 100 %94 100 %95 100 %96 Adapted from Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) : CONQUAS 21 manual book97 CONQUAS Assessor98 Sampling99 The appraisal of CONQUAS 21100 Assessment attack101 Structural plants app raisal102 Table 3: The appraisal of a strengthened concrete construction103 Reinforced Concrete Structure104 Weightage %105 Entire106 100107 Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book108 Table 4: Guidelines for Structural plants appraisal109 Items110 GFA per Sample111 Min Sample112 Max Sample113 Remarks114 115 116 117 118 Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book119 Table 5: Structural Steelwork120 Structural Steelwork121 Weightage %122 Entire123 100124 Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book125 Table 6: Pre-stressed Concrete126 Pre-stressed Concrete127 Weightage %128 Entire129 100130 Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book131 Table 7: Choice of Samples for Structural Steelwork132 Items133 Steel tunnage per sample134 Min Sample135 Structural Elementss136 250137 5138 250139 5140 500141 5142 500143 5144 Material A ; Functional Test145 Adapted from Building an d Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book146 Architectural Works Assessment147 Table 8: The Assessment of Architectural Works148 Architectural Elementss149 Weightage %150 Entire151 Breakdown152 Internal Finishes153 56154 Roof155 4156 External Wall157 12158 External Work159 6160 Material A ; Functional Trials161 22162 Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book163 Table 9: Guidelines for Architectural Works Assessment164 Items165 GFA per Sample166 Min Sample167 Max Sample168 Remarks169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book185 M A ; E Works Assessment186 Table 10: The Assessment of M A ; E Works187 M A ; E Elementss188 CATA189 CAT B190 CAT C191 CAT D192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 Entire201 100 %202 100 %203 100 %204 100 %205 Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book206 Adapted from Building and Construction Authority : CONQUAS 21 manual book207 Table 12: Guidelines for M A ; E Works Assessment208 Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book209 Calculation of CONQUAS Score210 Scenario:211 Measure 1: Calculation of Structural Score212 Measure 2: Calculation of Architectural Score213 Measure 3: Calculation of M A ; E Score214 Measure 4: Calculation of Final CONQUAS Score215 Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book216 The Advantages of Implementing CONQUAS 21217 The Problems Occur When Applying CONQUAS 21218 The Summary Problem Statement The standard quality of the edifice merchandise becomes the important issue that is ever discussed and disputed by the contractors, developers, and investors or house purchasers. Quality appraisal of the edifice before the developer vacant ownership to the buyer is the important issue for the developer. The developer shall bringing the concluding edifice merchandise to the buyer which the edifice is achieved a standard quality. However, how many will inquire: How should I guarantee the quality of the merchandise ( belongings ) that I purchased is reasonably justified with the sum of money that I paid? Many of the investors and the house purchaser are giving a immense money to name a celebrated Feng Shui maestro, to carry on a belongings studies and engaged belongings agent prior doing determination to put the belongings. Has the choice criterion of the edifice merchandise been assured and same as the show unit? ( The National House Buyers Association ( HBA ) , 2009 ) . There are many developers intended to present the concluding merchandise to the terminal user with free of defects and good in quality. Therefore, to accomplish the standard quality of the edifice production, the contractor can follow the Construction Quality Assessment ( CONQUAS 21 ) in the undertaking to give the quality confidence craft of constructing merchandise. Although, the CONQUAS 21 is applied in building industry, nevertheless, it is brought any benefits to the contractors, developers and terminal users? Furthermore, what are the impact of the CONQUAS 21 toward the contractors, developers and stop user? Consequently, the research worker will transport out the research sing the application of quality appraisal system ( CONQUAS 21 ) in building industry. Aims A ; Aims Purposes To look into Quality Assessment System ( CONQUAS 21 ) in building industry. Aims To analyze the rule and construct of CONQUAS 21 To happen out jobs occur when using the CONQUAS 21 To happen out the advantages of utilizing CONQUAS 21 Scope of survey The research will supply a item description on the criterion of CONQUAS 21 and processs of the system. This is done through literature reappraisal on diary documents, conference documents, books and shoping through web sites. Besides that, the research worker aims to the population of local contractors and developers who are adopted CONQUAS 21 in the building undertakings. Researcher will look into the ground of implementing the CONQUAS 21 in building industry. Furthermore, research will in-deep investigate respect the impacts and advantages of CONQUAS 21. Basically, a instance survey will be conducted to obtain more information sing the execution of CONQUAS 21. Research Methodologies Literature Research Cover diaries, relevant text edition, and internet research and conference paper is the beginnings that I obtain my information and making for my literature research. Interview Site agent, supervisor and the site director will be interviewed by the researched to acquire more inside informations about the CONQUAS 21. The interview is hold at Swiss Garden Residences site. Case Study Site visit to the Swiss Garden Residence would be the best manner to calculate out the effectivity of CONQUAS 21. Besides that, it is to calculate out the jobs occur when using the CONQUAS 21. Chapter Outline Chapter 1: Introduction In this chapter, the research worker is traveling to somewhat present the background of CONQUAS. Besides that, the research worker is traveling to speak about the purposes and aims for this research. Chapter 2: Literature Reappraisal In this chapter, the research worker is traveling to discourse the construct and rule of CONQUAS 21. The information sing the CONQUAS 21 are obtained from the literatures from books, articles, diaries and web site. Furthermore, the research worker is traveling to notice on the advantages of CONQUAS 21 and the impact of using the CONQUAS 21. Chapter 3: Planing the instance survey and research methodological analysis The research worker is traveling to utilize Swiss Garden Residences as the instance survey for CONQUAS 21. The research worker is traveling to interview the undertaking director, site director and site agent for obtaining the relevant information. Chapter 4: Analysis of the secondary informations After roll uping the information, the research worker is traveling to make the analysis for the information obtained. The research worker is traveling to reason on the information obtained and give some sentiment sing the CONQUAS 21. Chapter 5: Decision and farther surveies In this chapter, the research worker is traveling to do a decision for the whole research and province out the farther surveies for quality appraisal. Plan and Agenda Planned Agenda 2009/2010 2010/2011 Second Semester First Semester Second Semester Nov Dec May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Introduction Literature Review Planing instance survey Analysis Decision Actual Agenda 2009/2010 2010/2011 Second Semester First Semester Second Semester Nov Dec May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Introduction Literature Review Planing instance survey Analysis Decision Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Quality Philosophy Definition of Quality Different party defines the quality in different manner. Some people will specify it as to run into contract demands, alternatively some people define it as the satisfaction of client and others besides define as it reaches the needed criterions. Totality of features of an entity that bear on its ability to fulfill stated or implied demands is the definition that The National Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) defines quality ( Chung, 1999 ) . The purposes or demands have been fulfilled or reached by any party, intend the quality criterion has been achieved. Furthermore, quality besides can be defined based on ain sentiment such as providing clients with merchandises and services that systematically meet their demands and outlooks ( S.L. Tang, 2005 ) , performance to the criterion expected by the client ( S.L. Tang, 2005 ) and fitness for intent ( Chung, 1999 ) . However, the definiton of quality is based on how a party to specify, it can be defined is several manner. Basic Concept of Quality Quality is the most of import factor to be concerned in every field including building field. In order to accomplish the quality, the industries have come out with there are assessment system and guidelines to be carried out to guarantee the plants done in the building industry can accomplish the quality. ISO 9001:2000, Quality Assessment System in Construction ( QLASSIC ) and Construction Quality Assessment ( CONQUAS ) is the appraisal system that ever used by constrction industry to guarantee the plants done reach the quality standard demand. Case survey of CONQUAS will be carried out in more inside informations later. Quality can be quantified as follows: Q=P/E Where, Q = quality P = public presentation E = outlook If Q is greater than 1.0, so the client has a good feeling about the merchandises or services ( Besterfield, 1998 ) . Furthermore, There are nine dimensions in the quality. All dimensions are independent, which means that an terminal merchandise can be first-class in one dimension but hapless in others ( Besterfield, 1998 ) . These nine dimensions inside informations and their footings is the followers: Table 1: Nine dimensions of quality and their footings Dimension Footings Performances Primary products/service characteristic such as clip, cost and craft facet. Features Secondary feature, added consideration such as creativeness in design and attractivenes. Conformity Meeting specification or industry criterions, craft and client s demand in contract. Dependability Consistency of public presentation over clip, mean clip for the unit to neglect. Lastingness Useful life period with less care or fix. Service Resolution of jobs and ailments, easiness of fix. Response Human to human interface such as efficiency during meeting, fast determination devising, effectual human resources direction. Aestheticss Centripetal features in design such as exterior coatings. Reputaion Past public presentation such as being ranked foremost in the tendering procedure. Adapted from Garvin, 1988, Pull offing Quality: The strategic and Competitive Edge, New York: Free Press. Furthermore, there are ever the relationship between quality with cost, value, rhythm clip and productiveness. The inside informations of the relationship is shown as followers: Quality and Productivity Productivity addition will act upon the quality by betterment Productivity = Salcable end product / Resources used Quality and Costss Cost will increase if the quality of conformity addition Cost will increase if the quality of design addition Quality and Cycle Time The rhythm clip will be cut down if there is betterment of quality attempt The rhythm clip to finish the activities is the cardinal parametric quantity .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0 , .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0 .postImageUrl , .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0 , .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0:hover , .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0:visited , .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0:active { border:0!important; } .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0:active , .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0 .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucc38ff91d3cca21a9cc38c890b0241d0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Counseling Processes EssayQuality and Value Organizations must evalute the value they provide, comparative to the competition Value = Quality / Price ( S.L. Tang, 2005 ) 2.1.3 Quality Management Quality direction will act upon the quality straight. The rules of quality direction are applicable to every industry, within all administrations and at every degree ( McCabe, 1988 ) . The basic end of quality direction is the riddance of failure: both in the construct and world of merchandises, services and procedures ( Juran, 1989 ) . The quality direction is defined as all activities of the overall direction map that determine the quality policy, aims and duties, and implement them by agencies such as quality planning, quality control, quality confidence, and quality betterment within the quality system ( McCabe, 1988 ) The quality direction have four phases in development, known as: Quality Inspection, Quality Control ( QC ) , Quality Assurance ( QA ) and Entire Quality Management ( TQM ) ( UTM, 2003 ) . Inspection and Quality Control are retrospective ; their purpose is find out the occurred job by sensing manner. Alternatively, the purpose of Quality Assurance and Total Quality Management is cut down and to avoid jobs happening ( McCabe, 1988 ) . The feature of the different phases in Quality Management as shown followers: Figure 1: The four phases of quality direction TQM QA QC Inspection Adapted from Dale, Boaden and Lescelles 1994: Degrees of entire quality direction acceptance Figure 2: The four phases of quality direction Quality Assurance Quality systems development Advanced quality planning Comprehensive quality manuals Use of quality costs Engagement of non-production operations Failure manner Entire Quality Management Policy deployment Involve providers and clients Involve all operations Process direction Performance direction Teamwork Employee engagement Quality Control Develop quality manual Procedure public presentation informations Self-inspection Merchandise proving Basic quality planning Use of basic statistics Paperwork controls Inspection Salvage Screening, rating, relending Corrective actions Identify beginnings of non-conformance Adapted from Steven McCabe 1988: Quality Improvement Techniques in Construction Phase 1: Inspection The first phase of quality direction is review. The review is defined as activity such as measurement, analyzing, proving or estimating one or more features of an entity and comparing these consequences with specified demands in order to set up whether conformance is achieved for each feature ( McCabe, 1988 ) . Inspection is used by most of the building industry to guarantee the conformity. The site supervisor will carried out the review of the building undertaking. The supervisor will do the comparing the architectural plants and structural based on the specification and drawing. If there is any faulty plants found by the clients, the contractor demand to rectify the faulty plants until fulfill the client s demand. Phase 2: Quality Control ( QC ) Quality control will be carried out after the review done. Quality control is considered as a system of everyday proficient activities, to mensurate and command the quality of the stock list as it is being developed ( Mangino, 1996 ) . The process of Quality control is really complicated. QC largely is based on the statistical analysis. Collection of informations is required in QC to keep the quality by statistical techniques. Phase 3: Quality Assurance Quality confidence is defined as all the planned activities implemented within the quality system, and demonstrated as needed, to supply equal assurance that an entity will carry through demands for quality ( McCabe, 1988 ) . The aim of Quality Assurance ( QA ) is to supply equal assurance that a service or merchandise will carry through clients demand by executing system audit, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, design of experiment and similar enterprises ( UTM, 2003 ) . In other words, QA is more specified on planning. The bar of hapless quality and defects is based on sensing activities. Phase 4: Entire Quality Management The concluding phase of quality direction is Entire Quality Management. The execution and apprehension of quality direction rules and constructs in every facet of concern activities are involved in this phase. The best service or merchandise will be provided to the client at the lower cost by utilizing these activities. However, TQM is less formal ; holding either processs or system, and it is difficult to be described due to it is less in formality ( McCabe, 1988 ) . Normally, merely counsel will be provided by TQM and it consider as a doctrine. Concept and Principles of CONQUAS 21 2.2.1 Introduction Recently, the demand of clients towards the edifice that they purchase is quality. They wish to acquire the best quality of the purchase edifice as possible. In this status, the developers have to play an of import function to guarantee the quality of the edifice undertaking. The developers overcome the job by utilizing Quality Assurance ( QA ) and Quality Control ( QC ) into the building undertaking to keep the criterion of quality as the demand. CONQUAS 21, ISO 9001:2000, QLASSIC will go the pick for the developers for their appraisal system. Case survey about CONQUAS 21 will be carried out by the research worker in more inside informations. 2.2.2 Aims of CONQUAS 21 There are three aims in the CONQUAS 21 system: Act as a standard quality appraisal system in building undertakings. Inspecting quality appraisal by: Measuring the specification and criterion of the craft in the plants done Randomly choosing the sample as represent the whole undertaking To enable quality appraisal consistently take topographic point within sensible cost and clip ( Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) , 2006 ) Scope of CONQUAS 21 In CONQUAS 21 system, all the plants done will be given points based on the quality criterion. All of the given points will be added together to acquire the entire quality mark which besides known as CONQUAS mark for the building undertaking ( Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) , 2006 ) . The quality craft is better, the higher of CONQUAS mark will be obtained. 100 % is the maximal CONQUAS mark in building undertaking, but our human being is unable to build a work with zero-defects. The general edifice plant is covered by CONQUAS 21 system. There are 3 constituents in the appraisal: Structural Plants Architectural Works and Mechanical A ; Electrical ( M A ; E ) Works There are different point to be assessed in the different constituent stated above ( Building and Construction Authority, 2005 ) . CONQUAS 21 is considered as first clip right review attack ( Building and Construction Authority, 2005 ) means that the rectification plants will non take into consideration in CONQUAS 21 mark for the appraisal. Furthermore, trying system is the appraisal system used in the CONQUAS. The assessor will take the unit harmonizing to the norm, 1-in-4 flat units in a residential development for the appraisal ( Building and Construction Authority, 2005 ) . Thus, which unit will be chosen is unknown so the contractors have to guarantee all of the constructed plants are in good quality status. If there is any faulty found, the plants will be considered as failed. Besides, the to a great extent equipment-base such as heavy foundation, sub-structure plants and stacking is non available for appraisal and the work separate contracts or sub-contracts are non included in the appraisal ( Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) , 2006 ) . The review is different with the review done by the site supervisor. Normally, the contractors have to intentionally make an agreement for the review which form a specific squad for the review. There is a guideline have to be followed for the appraisal. Components to be assessed Structural Works, Architectural Works and M A ; E Works are the constituents under CONQUAS 21 appraisal. Structural Plants Structural Works can be considered as body for a edifice, the stableness of the edifice will be affected if there is failure or defect in structural plants. Therefore, keep its quality is necessary due to the cost of rectification is really expensive. Below show the inside informations of the appraisal of Structural Works: Inspection of finished concrete, formwork and steel support have to be carried out on site during the building site. If any constituent constitutes exceed 20 % of the entire structural cost, the pre-stressed concrete and structural steel are included in the appraisal. If found the precast concrete volume more than 20 % of structural concrete volume, the precast elements have to be assessed. Tensile strength of steel support and testing of compressive strength of concrete will be carried out on research lab testing. Non-destructive testing of the uniformity and the screen of hard-boiled concrete. ( Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) , 2006 ) Appendix 1 shows the quality criterions of Structural Works. Architectural Works The constituents and coatings are classified in Architectural Works. The craft and quality can be easy seen and found. Below are the inside informations of appraisal of Architectural Works: After the edifice have complete, the appraisal have to be carried out on roofs, external plants, external walls and internal coatings. All the appraisal have to be carried out on site. Internal walls, doors, constituents, Windowss and floors are classified under the internal coatings. Functional and material trials such as on external walls and adhesion of internal wall tiles and water-tightness of window. ( Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) , 2006 ) Appendix 2 shows Architectural Works quality criterion. Mechanical A ; Electrical ( M A ; E ) Works The advancement of whole edifice will be influenced by M A ; E Works. Air conditioning A ; Mechanical Ventilation Works ( ACMV ) , Electrical works, the footing M A ; E adjustments and Fire Protection Works are classified under the advancement of the edifice. Below are the phase of appraisal: Concealed pipes, ACMV ductworks and electrical conduits are classified as installed plants, the review on the point have to be carried out before embedded on site. The chilling tower, fire dismay control panel and Air-Handling Unit ( AHU ) are the concluding installed plants which the appraisal have to be carried out on site. Dry Riser Test, Earthing Test and Water Pressure Test are considered as selected plants. The public presentation trials are carried out on them. ( Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) , 2006 ) Appendix 3 show the choice criterion of M A ; E Works. The Weightages Cat A ( Commercial, Industrial, Institution and Others ) , CAT B ( Condominium, Institution and Others ) , CAT C ( Public lodging ) , and CAT D ( Landed belongingss ) are the four classs of edifice that distribute the weightages for M A ; E Works, Architectural Works and Structural Works in CONQUAS 21 system. The aim of weightage system is doing the quality of a edifice is based on the CONQUAS mark, it is a via media between the cost proportions of the three constituents in the assorted edifices and their aesthetic consideration ( Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) , 2006 ) . In general, M A ; E works consist 10 % for four classs of edifice in norm, 35 % is consisted by the Structural plants and the highest per centum is consisted by Architectural plants which 50 % in norm for the four classs of edifices. The quality of Architect works is the most of import with the highest per centum, second is represented by the Structural plants and M A ; E works is the lowest. Table 2: The Weightages in CONQUAS 21 Components CAT A Commercial, Industrial, Institution A ; Others CAT B Commercial, Industrial, Institution A ; Others CAT C Public Housing CAT D Landed Properties Structural Plants 30 % 35 % 45 % 40 % Architectural Works 50 % 55 % 50 % 55 % M A ; E Works 20 % 10 % 5 % 5 % CONQUAS Mark 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % Note: In general, undertakings with cardinal chilling system holding chilling tower, hair-raiser system, etc are classified under CAT A. Otherwise, it will be classified under CAT B. Appendix 5 provides a ushers with listing of constructing under the assorted classs. Adapted from Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) : CONQUAS 21 manual book CONQUAS Assessor In CONQUAS 21 system, merely the Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) officer can be the assessor to inspect the plants done of the undertaking. BCA will carry on a standardization plan and preparation for assessors to go to to guarantee competence and consistence in the appraisal ( Building and Construction Authority, 2006 ) . Furthermore, CONQUAS 21 system is consider as independent appraisal. Therefore, if the edifice or parts of the edifice undertaking are acceptable, the designers and applied scientists are non allowed to utilize CONQUAS to do any determination unless the edifice contract stipulate it ( Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) , 2006 ) . Sampling Sampling system is introduced in the CONQUAS 21 system for the appraisal. It is impossible for us to inspect every unit of the plants done. Therefore, the sampling system is used for the appraisal, it helps the accessor a batch by salvaging the clip and do the appraisal easier due to the samples will be indiscriminately chosen by the assessor for review. Furthermore, the trying system want to do certain the review is sufficient to stand for the whole edifice by mentioning to the gross floor country of the edifice. The appraisal of CONQUAS 21 Assessment attack Sampling system is used by the CONQUAS 21 as the appraisal system, the sample will be indiscriminately selected for the quality appraisal harmonizing to the location program and drawing program and it will be distributed based on the building phases ( Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) , 2006 ) . The marking will be done on the plants that are inspected for the first clip because the aim of this pattern is to promote contractors making things right the first clip is the rule of the CONQUAS 21 system which want to do certain all the contractor do the plants good and keep the quality in first clip. Therefore, the marking will non take into history for the rectification works, merely the first clip works done will be inspected and scored in the CONQUAS 21 system ( Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) , 2006 ) . In make fulling the appraisal signifier, Ten intend the work done do non carry through the CONQUAS quality criterion after review on it. Alternatively, see the inspected work have reached the quality criterion stated in the CONQUAS system. Besides, non applicable point will be noted as in the assessment signifier. The figure of over the entire figure of point assessed is the concluding mark of CONQUAS for the whole undertaking. Structural plants appraisal After the whole undertakings have been completed, the review on structural plants merely can be done. Wall, slab, beam and column can be classified as the Structural plants. Below show the inside informations of the appraisal of a strengthened concrete construction: Table 3: The appraisal of a strengthened concrete construction Reinforced Concrete Structure Weightage % Formwork 15 Rebar 20 Finished Concrete 25 Concrete Quality 5 Steel Reinforcement Quality 5 NDT UPV trial for concrete uniformity 15 NDT Electro-Cover metre trial for concrete screen 15 Entire 100 *If entire precast concrete volume exceeds 20 % of entire structural concrete volume, appraisal will be carried out for precast concrete building. The points will be distributed proportionally between formwork/rebar appraisal and precast concrete appraisal based on the several concrete volume per centum. Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book The structural plants appraisal is carried out by utilizing trying system which mean merely portion of the samples have been chosen to stand for whole undertaking for the appraisal, non every unit is inspected. Therefore, there are some guidelines for the appraisal of structural plants. The guidelines are shown as below: Table 4: Guidelines for Structural plants appraisal Items GFA per Sample Min Sample Max Sample Remarks 1 Structural Elementss 500 M2 30 150 For Non-Housing Project 1a Strctural Elementss 1500 M2 30 50 For Housing Project 2 Concrete Compressive Strength 100 % Declaration by Qualified Person 3 Steel support Tensile Strength 100 % Declaration by Qualified Person 4 NDT UPV trial for concrete uniformity 5,000 M2 2 sets .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c , .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c .postImageUrl , .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c , .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c:hover , .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c:visited , .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c:active { border:0!important; } .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c:active , .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1b76a3cd31e9e9eefe79ad2e50d0a66c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 1929 Stock Market Crash Essay20 sets 5 construction members per set 5 NDT Electro-Cover metre trial for concrete screen 5,000 M2 2 sets 20 sets 5 construction members per set Note: The computed figure of elements to be checked must be equally distributed throughout the full block and screen at least 50 % of floors in a block. They should besides every bit far as possible cover the different types of structural elements. Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book The review is merely site review, the review can non be done at precast pace due to all the construction works to be inspected is cast unmoved concrete plants, non the precast constituent. The review of the structural plant is harmonizing to conformity to the criterions ( see in the Appendix 1, 1a, 1b A ; 1c ) . The farther appraisal will be required if the structural steelwork in the structural plants exceed 20 % of the structural cost and the points will be distributed proportionally. The Pre-stressing Works is similar with the structural steelwork ( Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) , 2006 ) . Below table show how the points of pre-stressed concrete and structural steelwork are distributed: Table 5: Structural Steelwork Structural Steelwork Weightage % Main member/Partially Assembled Component 40 Metallic element Decking 20 Erection Tolerances 10 Corrosion A ; Fire Protection 10 Welding Test Reports 20 Entire 100 Note: Appraisal for structural steel roof truss is mandatory irregardless of the 20 % bing standards. Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book Table 6: Pre-stressed Concrete Pre-stressed Concrete Weightage % Tendon A ; Anchorage 25 Sheathing 25 Stressing A ; Grouting 25 Debonding 25 Entire 100 Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book Table 7: Choice of Samples for Structural Steelwork Items Steel tunnage per sample Min Sample Structural Elementss Main member/Partially Assembled Component 250 5 Metallic element Decking 250 5 Erection Tolerances 500 5 Corrosion A ; Fire Protection 500 5 Material A ; Functional Test Welding Test Reports ( NDT ) All critical welding articulations Note: Samples will be taken earlier and after installing Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book Architectural Works Assessment After the edifice undertaking is completed, the review of Architectural plants will be taken topographic point to mensurate the quality of the plants done but with a status all of the appraisal have to be done before the contractor grip over the undertaking to the proprietor. Below show the inside informations of the appraisal of Architectural plants: Table 8: The Assessment of Architectural Works Architectural Elementss Weightage % Entire Breakdown Internal Finishes 56 Floor 16 Internal wall 16 Ceiling 6 Door 6 Window 6 Component 6 Roof 4 4 External Wall 12 12 External Work 6 6 Material A ; Functional Trials 22 Pre-packed Plaster 1 Field Window Water-Tightness Test ( WTT ) ( BCA Test 8 platinums + Self-Testing 2 platinums ) 10 Wet Area Water-Tihtness Test ( BCA Test 4 platinums + Self-Testing 1 platinum ) 5 Internal Wet Area Waterproofing Process 2 Pull-Off-Test for Internal Wall Tiles 4 Entire 100 Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book Architectural plants is utilizing trying system for appraisal excessively which is similar to the Structural plants, Architectural works have its ain guideline for the sampling. Different classs of edifice are varied in the guideline stated. Below are the guidelines of the sampling: Table 9: Guidelines for Architectural Works Assessment Items GFA per Sample Min Sample Max Sample Remarks 1 Internal Finishes 500 M2 30 150 For Non-Housing Project 1a Internal Finishes 70 M2 30 800 For all Private Housing Project 1b Internal Finishes 70 M2 30 600 For Public Housing 2 External Wall 50 % 50 % of the blocks/units 3 External Work 1 1 for each type of external work 4 Pre-packed Plaster Merely pre-packed plaster used. Declaration by Qualified Person 5a Field Window Water-tightness Test ( WTT ) 1,000 M2 20 100 Conducted by BCA 5b Field Window Water-tightness Test ( WTT ) 25 % Self-Testing with declaration by Qualified Person 6a Wet Area Water-tightness Test 20 100 10 % of all bathroom and/or lavatories ( by location ) All will be tested if lt ; 20 nos 6b Wet Area Water-tightness Test 100 % Self-Testing with declaration by Qualified Person Including level roof 7 Internal Wet Area Waterproofing Process In-process appraisal based on sanctioned Method Statement 8 Pull-Off Test for Internal Wall Tiles 10,000 M2 1 Set 5 Sets 5 tiles per set ( by location ) Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book Hall, kitchen, lavatory, corridor, anteroom and room is considered as the functional infinite in the edifice. The appraisal of functional infinite of a edifice is classified as internal coatings appraisal. Below show types of locations: Service locations public-service corporation countries such as lavatories, kitchens, balconies and paces Principal location major functional topographic points such as hall and suites Circulation locations include lift anterooms, corridors and stairwaies ( Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) , 2006 ) There is different weightage for the different location. Appendix 4 show the defect group which influence the internal coatings hiting. The point which noted as failed mean the point do non carry through the quality criterion that CONQUAS 21 system require. If there is faulty plants found, the plants is indicated as failed in the review record such as grounds of H2O ooze in the window. The appraisal for the external plants have to be done first before transporting out the assesssment for the external plant. There are some location will be divided during the external plant appraisal. Below show the location that contain in the appraisal of the external plants: Link-way/Shelter 10m length subdivision per sample and minimal 2 samples Apron A ; Drain 10m length subdivision per sample and minimal 2 samples Roadwork A ; Carpark 10m length subdivision per sample and minimal 1 sample Footpaths A ; Turfing 10m length subdivision per sample and minimal 2 samples Playground 1 location Court 1 location Fencing A ; Gate 10m length subdivision per sample and minimal 1 sample Swiming Pool 10m length subdivision per sample and minimal 1 sample Club House 1 location Guard House 1 location Electrical Substaion 1 location ( Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) , 2006 ) Every point will be inspected individually in the appraisal of the External plants. Those points that are non available for the edifice undertaking, it will non be taken into history during marking. M A ; E Works Assessment The M A ; E appraisal is non similar as Architectural plants and Structural works appraisal. In the M A ; E works appraisal, the appraisal have been separate into two phases which is after the edifice have completed phase and during the building of structural plants phase. The classs of the undertakings distribute the weightage for M A ; E works appraisal: Table 10: The Assessment of M A ; E Works M A ; E Elementss CATA CAT B CAT C CAT D M A ; E Works Assessment Electrical 15 15 10 10 ACMV 20 20 10 Fire Protection 10 10 10 Plumbing A ; Sanitary 15 15 20 Basic Adjustments 15 15 20 Sub-total 75 75 100 100 Weightage 50 % 50 % 100 % 100 % M A ; E Performance Test Appraisal Performance Testing 100 100 Weightage 50 % 50 % Entire 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % Note 1: means that no appraisal on that M A ; E elements is required Note 2: Please mention to Appendix 6 for inside informations of the points allocated under each component of the M A ; E plants assessed Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book Furthermore, Get-It-Right-First-Time is the rule in CONQUAS 21 system, all the points stated in Table 10 above will be merely inspected for the first clip works done in the appraisal, all the rectification plants will non impact the marking in the appraisal. It means that the per centum of trials go throughing the first appraisal for each type of trial is the concluding mark of CONQUAS ( Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) , 2006 ) . Table 11: Marking method for Get-It-Right-First-Time rule Ave % Passing at First Attempt % of Performance Test Mark 80 % or below 0 % 80 % lt ; X lt ; 100 % ( X-80 ) /20 ten 100 % 100 % 100 % Note: Ten means the mean per centum of go throughing at first effort Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book Furthermore, M A ; E works is besides utilizing trying system for their appraisal system. There is M A ; E works trying guideline. The M A ; E works trying guideline is different with others which there are four classs of edifice decide the M A ; E trying plants. The guidelines are shown as below: Table 12: Guidelines for M A ; E Works Assessment Cat A 1,000 M2 per sample CAT B 1,500 M2 per sample CAT C 3,500 M2 per sample CAT D 3,500 M2 per sample Electrical Embedded conduit 2+ 2+ 2+ Main overseas telegrams 1 1 Surface conduits 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ Cable tray, ladder A ; trunking 1+ 1+ 1+ 11 Distribution board 2+ 2+ 1 ACMV Air managing unit 1+ Pump 1 Cooling tower 1 Hair-raiser 1 Organ pipe 1 Split unit/Window air conditioner 2+ 2+ 3+ Air-con comfort 1+ 1+ 2+ Ductwork 3+ 1 Fire-rated canal 1 1 Dampers 1+ 1 Fire Dampers 1 1 Flexible canals 2 Flexible connections 1 Fire Protection Wet/dry riser 1+ 1+ 1+ Sprinkler 1+ 1 Fire Alarm 1 1 Hosereel 1+ 1+ 1+ Plumbing A ; Sanitary Concealed pipes 1+ 1+ Exposed pipes 4+ 4+ 4+ Water armored combat vehicle 1 1 1 Pump 1 1 1 Minimal Samples 35 25 10 10 Maximal Samples 70 50 20 20 Remarks: + means to be separated for extra samples required Note: Basic M A ; E Fittings 500m2 per sample with min 30 and max 150 samples Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book Calculation of CONQUAS Score BCA have introduced the marking method for mensurating the quality of plants done in CONQUAS 21 system with few stairss, the stairss have to be followed while transporting out the hiting method. Below show the illustration of hiting method computed in CONQUAS 21 system which can establish in CONQUAS 21 manual book: Scenario: Undertaking Type Commercial ( CAT A ) Structural System Reinforced Concrete system with 31 % precast concrete volume and steel mills at 75 % to 25 % cost ratio Roofing System Flat Roof Nos of Toilet 10 nos External Wall Full Glass Curtain Wall Measure 1: Calculation of Structural Score The Structural Score will be proportioned by the cost ratio as follows: Measure 2: Calculation of Architectural Score Measure 3: Calculation of M A ; E Score Measure 4: Calculation of Final CONQUAS Score Adapted from Building and Construction Authority: CONQUAS 21 manual book The Advantages of Implementing CONQUAS 21 Quality is the chief factor that to be concerned in a building undertaking. It is the nature of the building, the edifice value will be increase with the good quality building. The CIDB Singapore s informations base show that the quality of the building undertaking improves with utilizing CONQUAS 21, which the building costs of public sector edifice are at least S $ 3 million. The CONQUAS mark rise from 67.9 to 74.3 in 8 old ages ( 1989-1997 ) ( Low, S.P. , Tan, B.K. and Allen, A.A.L. , 1999 ) . The image of a house will be influenced by a good CONQUAS mark path record to guarantee future marketability. The figure of client will automatically increase with addition of the image of a house ( Building and Construction Authority, 2006 ) . All the employers want to do certain their merchandise can be delivered to the purchasers with good quality so they prefer to take the companies which have achieved good quality in the old undertakings. A good CONQUAS mark attract more people to put in the undertaking due to high quality undertaking. There is a one-year BCA Construction Excellence Award victors to be competed to win the award which selected by BCA based on the well CONQUAS public presentation. The image of the companies automatically increase if win the award ( Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) , 2010 ) . There is an inducement in the CONQUAS system attract the contractor to present the good quality edifice based on accomplishing good mark in the CONQUAS appraisal. For the undertaking which achieve the mark of above 75 points would acquire an inducements of entire RM 1,500,000.00 alternatively RM 1,000,000.00 merely will be given for the mark of above 65 points. ( Building and Construction Authority, 2006 ) . This attractive inducement becomes a beginning of motive and promote to present a good quality edifice. Besides, the CONQUAS system besides measure the quality of craft of the building. If found there is any unsatisfactory of the craft after mensurating in CONQUAS mark, the unsatisfactory of craft can be rectified before deliver to the buyer. Although the rectification can non increase the CONQUAS mark, but the better quality of merchandise can be delivered to purchaser to increase the satisfaction of the buyer and diminish the ailments from the buyer or cut down the rectification cost after vacant ownership ( The National House Buyers Association ( HBA ) , 2009 ) . The Problems Occur When Applying CONQUAS 21 There are some disadvantages in the CONQUAS 21. It is hard to guarantee the public presentation of the company based on the CONQUAS 21 mark due to every undertaking is non similar in nature. The undertaking where utilize the precast constituents is executable such as level or school is easier to keep the quality direction comparison to the traditional dramatis personae in situ building because precast constituents are manufactured under controlled mill status, all the dimensions, sizes and forms are stated clearly. Therefore, the precast constituent is easier to be fixed on site. Alternatively, the contractor may confront the job while in the traditional cast-in-situ building which there is no specified size and dimension constituent provided, all have to project in situ, it is hard to command the quality of work. The building method will impact the CONQUAS mark. CONQUAS 21 have its ain guideline sing the structural plants, architectural plants and M A ; E work. For the individual in-charge for CONQUAS 21 review, have to follow the guideline province during the review. The review is different with the review done by the site supervisor. So the contractors have to intentionally make an agreement for this review which organic and specific squad under the review. In straight, with this excess review will protract the continuance of the undertaking. Every appraisal will be charged for assessment cost. The cost CONQUAS 21 appraisal will be higher comparison to ISO 9001-2000 and QLASSIS, it will increase the building cost. Due to higher building cost, the merchandising monetary value will be increase in market ( The National House Buyers Association ( HBA ) , 2009 ) . Furthermore, the mark can non wholly represent the quality of the edifice due to the mark is derived simply based on a random sample appraisal to stand for the whole building undertaking. ( The National House Buyers Association ( HBA ) , 2009 ) . There might is any defect although the mark is high due to non whole units assessed by the CONQUAS system. The Summary In the recent old ages, there are a batch of developers in Malaysia building industry implementing CONQUAS as the quality appraisal for their edifice undertaking although the CIDB Malaysia has recommended QLASSIS. The CONQUAS can be considered as a new appraisal system in Malaysia building industry due to the quality appraisal system merely adopted by the building industry late although CONQUAS system was launched since 1989 in Singapore. The chief factor that the CONQUAS system will be adopted in the Malaysia building industry is the developers found CONQUAS system have more benefits compare to QLASSIS and ISO 9001:2000. The CONQUAS system step the quality of the plants done in more inside informations and it is more beforehand comparison to other appraisal system that why most of developers prefer to implement CONQUAS 21 in their building undertaking.

Free Essays on A Poem

Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they were meant to be there. To serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson, or to help you figure out whom you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be, perhaps your roommate, neighbor, professor, long lost friend, or even a complete stranger. But when you lock eyes with them, you know at that very moment that they will affect your life in some profound way. And sometimes things happen to you that may seem horrible, painful, and unfair at first, but in reflection you find that without overcoming those obstacles you would never have realized your potential, strength, willpower, or heart. Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by chance or by means of good luck. Illness, injury, love, lost moments of true greatness, and sheer stupidity all occur to test the limits of your soul. Without these small tests, whatever they may be, life would be like a smoothly paved, straight, flat road to nowhere. It would be safe and comfortable, but dull and utterly pointless. The people you meet who affect your life, and the success and downfalls you experience, help to create who you are and who you become. Even the bad experiences can be learned from. In fact, they are probably the most poignant and important ones. If someone hurts you, betrays you, or breaks your heart, forgive them, for they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being cautious to when you open your heart. If someone loves you, love them back unconditionally, not only because they love you, but because in a way, they are teaching you to love and how to open your heart and eyes to things. Make every day count. Appreciate every moment and take from those moments everything that you possibly can for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people that you’ve never talked to before, and actually listen. Let yourself fall in love, bre... Free Essays on A Poem Free Essays on A Poem Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they were meant to be there. To serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson, or to help you figure out whom you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be, perhaps your roommate, neighbor, professor, long lost friend, or even a complete stranger. But when you lock eyes with them, you know at that very moment that they will affect your life in some profound way. And sometimes things happen to you that may seem horrible, painful, and unfair at first, but in reflection you find that without overcoming those obstacles you would never have realized your potential, strength, willpower, or heart. Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by chance or by means of good luck. Illness, injury, love, lost moments of true greatness, and sheer stupidity all occur to test the limits of your soul. Without these small tests, whatever they may be, life would be like a smoothly paved, straight, flat road to nowhere. It would be safe and comfortable, but dull and utterly pointless. The people you meet who affect your life, and the success and downfalls you experience, help to create who you are and who you become. Even the bad experiences can be learned from. In fact, they are probably the most poignant and important ones. If someone hurts you, betrays you, or breaks your heart, forgive them, for they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being cautious to when you open your heart. If someone loves you, love them back unconditionally, not only because they love you, but because in a way, they are teaching you to love and how to open your heart and eyes to things. Make every day count. Appreciate every moment and take from those moments everything that you possibly can for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people that you’ve never talked to before, and actually listen. Let yourself fall in love, bre...